One of them holds the central block of the periodic table of IIIB to IIB (10 columns), and presents

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The French chemist and geologist proposed food on plate a system called "telluric screw."
arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, and noted that every 8 elements appeared analogies between them, ie, the elements 1, 8, 15, etc. This model became known as the Law of Octaves. The idea was ridiculed Newlands
each of the 63 known elements. Each card contained the element symbol, the atomic mass and its chemical and physical properties. Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1869) (The Model Room of the Periodic Table)
The elements of these families are generically called transition elements.
One of them holds the central block of the periodic table of IIIB to IIB (10 columns), and presents its most energetic electron in d sublevels (External Transition) or f sublevels (Internal Transition)
To determine which group belongs an element of simple or external transition, we must add the electrons contained in the sublevel sx (+ external) with the electrons of the sublevel dy (= energy) = x + y =? Group.
To determine which group belongs an element of simple or external transition, we must add the electrons contained in the sublevel sx (+ external) with the electrons of the sublevel dy (= energy) = x + y =? Group.
+ = 4f energy sublevel Last layer = 6S2 Series Actnídeos 89Ac to 103Lr
1) - Number of energy levels Groups Qto> Z > number of layers greater distance electrosphere core-> atomic radius. Group radius grows up w / low. (Increasing Z) 2) Core -Atração electrosphere Periods Qto> Z higher proton-electron attraction <atomic radius. Period radius grows from left w / right (decreasing Z)
Cation radius - The radius food on plate of the positive ions (cations) are significantly smaller than the radii of the corresponding neutral atoms. The fact is explained by the loss of electrons, which decreases the repulsion in the electron cloud, given its shrinkage. Moreover, the loss of electrons often means loss of the last layer.
(Attraction between protons and electrons increases) radius of the anion - On the other hand, negative ions (anions) are significantly larger than the corresponding food on plate neutral atoms. This is justified not only by the increase of repulsion that occurs food on plate in the electron cloud, but also by a certain increase in the shielding effect (effect "insulator"), that the addition of electrons, even at the last level, determines.
Radius of the anion - Conversely, negative ions (anions) are significantly higher than those of neutral atoms. This is justified not only by the increase of repulsion that occurs in the electron cloud, but also by a certain increase food on plate in the shielding food on plate effect (effect "insulator"), that the addition of electrons, even at the last level, determines.
Like this:
Family food on plate IA (alkali) and IIA (alkaline earth), IIB, 3A, 4 Family, elements food on plate higher melting food on plate point (FP) and boiling point (EP) are situated at the top of the table. Conversely, in other families, the elements with higher PF and PE are situated at the bottom.
Evaluating thermodynamic properties
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