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Categories Select a category branches of chemistry (6) chemical experiments (5) The Matura rational scc61 work in chemistry-Alkanes (3) Reception 2013-2014 (3) Attractions (8) calendar
April 2013th MTWTFSS May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Recent articles Aromatic giants - graphene lactose intolerance A matches ... Have you heard for ... Moldan A recent Archives May 2013 April 2013
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. By the same principle by which they classify organic compounds, hydrocarbons can be divided into acyclic and cyclic ugljovodinike. rational scc61
Although a carbon skeleton containing the same, these hydrocarbons behave differently when they Acting on specific reagents. For example: when the Acting hydrobromic some water does not react with bromine, and some react immediately at room temperature, which was attained by fading brown color of bromine. Hydrocarbons that do not react with bromine are called saturated and unsaturated ones who react as binding bromine. rational scc61
To, carbon atoms may, in addition to single, that grade and double or triple bonds, that are divided acyclic hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons-alkane containing only single bonds, and unsaturated-alkenes and alkynes. Alkenes, single addition contain one or more double bonds and alkynes, in addition to single containing one or more triple bonds.
On the basis of the electronic rational scc61 configuration of carbon rational scc61 (1s 2 2s 2 2p 1, 2p 1) carbon could to build only two covalent bonds. It is, however, contrary to the experimental facts on which it is known that the carbon in its stable compounds četvorokovalentan, and that in compounds with single bonds (CH 4, CCl 4), all four bonds are equivalent.
To the electron configuration of carbon into line with experimental facts introduced the concept of hybridization, according to which a linear combination of different atomic orbital receive new, among them the equivalent hybrid orbitals.
Thus, in carbon, when reacts with four other atoms, hybridize one're three p orbitals that are between them and refuse to orient so that they are oriented to the tack of a regular tetrahedron zaklapajući angles of 109.5 degrees.
The combination of one're three p orbitals called sp 3 hybridization or tetrahedral rational scc61 hybridization. The concept of hybridization is, in fact, the mathematical method applied by using orbitals that we describe the geometry of molecules.
Alkanes having a carbon rational scc61 atom of each building four single bonds, this four sp 3 hybridized orbitals of each carbon rational scc61 atom orbitals overlap with other atoms; lapping is performed on the axis connecting two atoms, wherein the sigma links become covalent.
While he was known to a small number of organic compounds, each compound had svojeime, of whom I shall now retained. However, as the organic compounds became more numerous, it is to create a system by which the compound rational scc61 name that points to its composition and structure. Such a system is set 1892nd At the International Congress of Chemistry in Geneva. Since then, he complements the meetings of the Commission on Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and today is known as the IUPAC nomenclature applied in all countries rational scc61 of the world.
IUPAC rules longest string is the basic series. Groups rational scc61 related to a series of basic substituents. If the molecule has two or more rows of the same length, the one with the larger number of substituents is a basic series. If the substituent pronged apply the same rules as for the main series. rational scc61 If two substituents may be the same distance from two different rational scc61 ends of the string, the basic series are numbered rational scc61 in alphabetical order. Substituent first in alphabetical order is linked to a lower carbon number. If the molecule contains more of the same substituent, an alkyl group name preceded by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. These prefixes as well as sec-and tert-not assigned in alphabetical order, unless they are part of a complex of R names.
9th nonane CH 3 - (CH 2) 7-CH 3
Alkane isomers with side chain first were called by the names in front of alkanes put prefixes as for example isobutane. But, as the isomers of the higher alkanes many, it is accepted that the branched alkanes with a number called a normal alkane derivative rational scc61 series. For example, isobutane, propane is considered a derivative, ie it is called as propane in which one H atom on the central carbon atom replaced by CH 3 - group.
Monovalent hydrocarbon groups derived from alkanes by subtracting one of H atoms are called generic name ALKYL - groups rational scc61 and are characterized with R. The names of individual groups are derived by the suffix-an extension replaces the corresponding alkane-il.
CH 3-C-CH 2 -
Methane-known as swamp gas is the simplest
Categories Select a category branches of chemistry (6) chemical experiments (5) The Matura rational scc61 work in chemistry-Alkanes (3) Reception 2013-2014 (3) Attractions (8) calendar
April 2013th MTWTFSS May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Recent articles Aromatic giants - graphene lactose intolerance A matches ... Have you heard for ... Moldan A recent Archives May 2013 April 2013
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. By the same principle by which they classify organic compounds, hydrocarbons can be divided into acyclic and cyclic ugljovodinike. rational scc61
Although a carbon skeleton containing the same, these hydrocarbons behave differently when they Acting on specific reagents. For example: when the Acting hydrobromic some water does not react with bromine, and some react immediately at room temperature, which was attained by fading brown color of bromine. Hydrocarbons that do not react with bromine are called saturated and unsaturated ones who react as binding bromine. rational scc61
To, carbon atoms may, in addition to single, that grade and double or triple bonds, that are divided acyclic hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons-alkane containing only single bonds, and unsaturated-alkenes and alkynes. Alkenes, single addition contain one or more double bonds and alkynes, in addition to single containing one or more triple bonds.
On the basis of the electronic rational scc61 configuration of carbon rational scc61 (1s 2 2s 2 2p 1, 2p 1) carbon could to build only two covalent bonds. It is, however, contrary to the experimental facts on which it is known that the carbon in its stable compounds četvorokovalentan, and that in compounds with single bonds (CH 4, CCl 4), all four bonds are equivalent.
To the electron configuration of carbon into line with experimental facts introduced the concept of hybridization, according to which a linear combination of different atomic orbital receive new, among them the equivalent hybrid orbitals.
Thus, in carbon, when reacts with four other atoms, hybridize one're three p orbitals that are between them and refuse to orient so that they are oriented to the tack of a regular tetrahedron zaklapajući angles of 109.5 degrees.
The combination of one're three p orbitals called sp 3 hybridization or tetrahedral rational scc61 hybridization. The concept of hybridization is, in fact, the mathematical method applied by using orbitals that we describe the geometry of molecules.
Alkanes having a carbon rational scc61 atom of each building four single bonds, this four sp 3 hybridized orbitals of each carbon rational scc61 atom orbitals overlap with other atoms; lapping is performed on the axis connecting two atoms, wherein the sigma links become covalent.
While he was known to a small number of organic compounds, each compound had svojeime, of whom I shall now retained. However, as the organic compounds became more numerous, it is to create a system by which the compound rational scc61 name that points to its composition and structure. Such a system is set 1892nd At the International Congress of Chemistry in Geneva. Since then, he complements the meetings of the Commission on Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and today is known as the IUPAC nomenclature applied in all countries rational scc61 of the world.
IUPAC rules longest string is the basic series. Groups rational scc61 related to a series of basic substituents. If the molecule has two or more rows of the same length, the one with the larger number of substituents is a basic series. If the substituent pronged apply the same rules as for the main series. rational scc61 If two substituents may be the same distance from two different rational scc61 ends of the string, the basic series are numbered rational scc61 in alphabetical order. Substituent first in alphabetical order is linked to a lower carbon number. If the molecule contains more of the same substituent, an alkyl group name preceded by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. These prefixes as well as sec-and tert-not assigned in alphabetical order, unless they are part of a complex of R names.
9th nonane CH 3 - (CH 2) 7-CH 3
Alkane isomers with side chain first were called by the names in front of alkanes put prefixes as for example isobutane. But, as the isomers of the higher alkanes many, it is accepted that the branched alkanes with a number called a normal alkane derivative rational scc61 series. For example, isobutane, propane is considered a derivative, ie it is called as propane in which one H atom on the central carbon atom replaced by CH 3 - group.
Monovalent hydrocarbon groups derived from alkanes by subtracting one of H atoms are called generic name ALKYL - groups rational scc61 and are characterized with R. The names of individual groups are derived by the suffix-an extension replaces the corresponding alkane-il.
CH 3-C-CH 2 -
Methane-known as swamp gas is the simplest
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