Atkins, Jones - Principles of Chemistry

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Periodic properties: electronegativity, eletropositividade, atomic radius, electron affinity, ionization potential, atomic density, atomic volume, melting temperature and boiling temperature. The last four properties are often considered by aperiodic show some disordering: the atomic volume increases, n
The scale of Pauling, the most used, defines the electronegativity family grows upwards, due to the decrease in atomic radius and increasing the interactions of the nucleus with the electron cloud; and the period from left to the right, following the increase of the atomic number.
The shape measuring eletropositividade is the same as the electronegativity: through a chemical bond. However, the meaning is the opposite, thermal conductivity chart because thermal conductivity chart it measures the tendency of an atom to lose electrons: metals are the most electropositive.
Atomic thermal conductivity chart radius is basically the distance from the nucleus of an atom of its electron cloud in the outermost layer. However, as the atom is not rigid, calculates the average atomic radius defined by the half distance between the centers of the cores of two atoms of the same element in a solid-state chemical bond:
The element of greater atomic radius is known Cesium, however, it is very likely that the Francium has a higher atomic radius, but this has not been confirmed, due to the rarity of this element in nature.
The electron affinity measures the energy released by an atom in the ground state and in the gaseous state to receive an electron. Or the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from an anion of a given element.
The electron affinity has a form very definite in its growth in the periodic table, but their behavior is similar to the electronegativity: thermal conductivity chart grows from the bottom up and from left to right.
The measured ionization potential of the opposite electron thermal conductivity chart affinity: the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in the ground state and the gaseous state. And, for the first electron withdrawing amount of energy required is less than the second withdrawal, that is in turn smaller than the third withdrawal, and so forth.
Presents the same behavior of the electron affinity and electronegativity. Therefore it can be said that the Chlorine and Fluorine are atoms with larger ionization potentials of the periodic table, as are the elements with the highest values of electron affinity of the periodic table.
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Atkins, Jones - Principles of Chemistry