Internal combustion engines are called those motors that convert stored chemical beverage warmer en

Internal combustion engines are called those motors that convert stored chemical beverage warmer energy of a fuel directly into kinetic, as opposed to steam, which is supplied to the steam heat from the high temperature (external) combustion of coal, wood, etc.. Idea engine Internal combustion were to trigger a mixture of inflammable gases or liquids, which explodes in the cylinder and thus drives a piston. The internal combustion engines soon evolved into compact, versatile units, which gradually replaced the steam plants and power plants, but mainly in automotive transport. The major advantage of these motors (grade 20-50% yield) versus beverage warmer the motors (grade 60-98% yield) is the easy transportation of the fuel tank with the vehicle. The motors can be supplied in small and medium-duty vehicles with adequate powers, because the storage media of electricity have a low energy density (energy stored to weight). Therefore the electric power capable mainly used in production processes or very large vehicles.
The development of internal combustion engines fueled with liquid fuel, was essentially in three steps, starting with Jean-Josef Lenoir, passing by Nicolaus Otto and leading principle in Rudolf Diesel. In the 1930s declared by Felix Wankel patent as a new petrol vehicles, different from previous kinematics, which seems to have closed this round. In the 1940s developed the internal combustion gas turbines (jet), with a different principle of operation, which are mainly used in airplanes, while the gasoline engine can be operated from the late 20th century and a gaseous fuel. Another type of engine which was presented as patent as early as 1816, meaning the oldest internal combustion engine, but developed slowly, he is working with superheated air (engine Stirling), which is ecologically the best, can utilize any fuel up and solar energy, but lags behind the engine known for technical and economic reasons. Engine Lenoir
The first of many successful parallel efforts were made for the construction of an internal combustion engine was by Gallovelgou Jean-Josef Etienne Lenoire (Lenouar, 1822-1900). Lenouar The year 1860 showed a small vehicle, which was moving to the satisfaction of that time, with the engine installed. Until then it had been presented only vehicles with massive locomotive, which made them cumbersome. The engine Lenouar he take as fuel gas, which is introduced into the cylinder mixed with air in the first stage of operation during the first half of the stroke. This mixture is ignited by an electric spark and pushes the piston in the remaining part of its travel. Upon return of the piston on one side of the exhaust gases are repelled, while the other side repeated the process of introducing the gas-air mixture. The degree of efficiency of the engine Lenouar but was very low, which made it difficult for economic exploitation. Otto gasoline
Since the machine beverage warmer started Lenouar German Nikolaus Augustus Otto (Otto, 1832 to 1891), with studies on trade issues, and the year 1876 built a four-stroke petrol beverage warmer engine. Previously, Otto had built with financial support of E. Langen (Langen) a so-called aspirated engine with a free piston. The year 1867 was presented this engine World's Fair in Paris, despite the noisy operation, got a gold medal, because he had a 60% reduced fuel consumption. So Otto gained a reputation for having created the first engine with a good efficiency. Is confirmed once again the "principle" as the locomotive etc., to invent a French machine, which improved and perfected by 'English and German ... The great demand for engines Otto led to establishment of the Langen public limited company Deutz AG in Cologne, in the year 1872, which was aimed at mass production engines. Today, beverage warmer this company has become a leading manufacturer of machines beverage warmer of all sizes and operating beverage warmer principle! Responsible for the design was Wilhelm Maybach (Maimpach,) and for the production of the Gottlieb Daimler (Daimler, 1834-1900). The year 1874 was the monthly production of 80 engines, but at the end of that year was a commercial problem: these engines power about 2 kW (~ 2,7 PS) was not able to meet the needs of craft and small industries . Alongside those engines were available Sterling (superheated